@InProceedings{BalanAlThLyOtFeAb:2008:F3LaDu,
               author = "Balan, N. and Alleyne, H. and Thampi, S. V. and Lynn, K. and 
                         Otsuka, Y. and Fejer, B. G. and Abdu, Mangalathayil Ali",
          affiliation = "{University of Sheffield} and {University of Sheffield} and 
                         {Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre} and {Ionospheric Systems Research} 
                         and {Nagoya University} and {Utah State University} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "F3 layer during penetration electric field",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2008",
         organization = "International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy, 12.",
             abstract = "The occurrence of an additional layer, called F3 layer, in the 
                         equatorial ionosphere at American, Indian and Australian 
                         longitudes during the super double geomagnetic storm of 07-11 
                         November 2004 are presented using observations and modeling. The 
                         available observations show the occurrence, reoccurrence and quick 
                         ascent to the topside ionosphere of unusually strong F3 layer in 
                         Australian longitude during the first and second super storms (08 
                         and 10 November) and in Indian longitude during the second super 
                         storm (10 November), all with large simultaneous reductions in 
                         peak electron density (Nmax) and total electron content (GPS-TEC); 
                         the F3 layer also occurred in Australian longitude on the 
                         comparatively less active day (09 November) though of a different 
                         character. The modeling studies conducted using the Sheffield 
                         University Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) indicate that the 
                         unusual F3 layers during the super storms might have been caused 
                         mainly by unusually large double peaked equatorial upward ExB 
                         drift (or eastward electric field). The indication is supported by 
                         the simultaneous observations of the strongest daytime eastward 
                         prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) ever recorded (at 
                         Jicamarca) and large depletions in Nmax (at Jicamarca and Sau 
                         Luis) at American longitude; the depletions are also modeled by 
                         incorporating the PPEF. The large depletions in Nmax that occurred 
                         during the afternoonevening hours (14-17 LT) are also followed by 
                         unexpected unusally large increases in Nmax (greater than daytime 
                         Nmax) during the following evening hours (17-23 LT) due to the 
                         large downward ExB drift or reverse plasma fountain.",
  conference-location = "Crete, Greece",
      conference-year = "18-24 may",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTIC-GOV-BR",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "balan_f3.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}